Consistent physical activity can transform the composition of belly fat, potentially mitigating risks associated with chronic diseases like heart disease and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), according to recent research.
A new study reveals that individuals with obesity who engaged in regular exercise for at least two years exhibited healthier fat tissue compared to those who remained inactive. Researchers compared two groups of adults with obesity: one comprised of 16 individuals who exercised four or more times a week and another of 16 who were sedentary. Each exerciser was matched with a non-exerciser of the same sex and body fat percentage.
The study’s analysis of belly fat samples highlighted notable differences:
Increased Capillaries: Exercisers had more capillaries in their fat tissue, which can enhance fat management and storage capabilities.
Reduced Inflammation: Fewer inflammatory cells were present in the fat of active individuals, indicating lower inflammation.
Decreased Fibrosis: The fat tissue in those who exercised was less rigid and healthier.
These findings suggest that regular exercise over an extended period can lead to a more “healthy” form of fat in the midsection, which is less likely to contribute to visceral fat accumulation around internal organs.
Understanding Fat’s Role
Fat’s primary role is to store excess energy, which the body can use when needed. Efficient fat storage is crucial, as inadequate fat management can result in fat buildup around vital organs such as the liver and heart. This mismanagement can lead to inflammation, insulin resistance, and elevated blood lipid levels, increasing the risk of heart disease and diabetes.
Dr. Laura den Hartigh, a researcher at UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, explains that healthy fat tissue expands effectively to store energy, protecting internal organs from excess fat accumulation. This is particularly important in preventing conditions like MASLD, where excess fat in the liver can lead to inflammation and cirrhosis, with potential progression to cancer.
Reevaluating Health Metrics
The study underscores the importance of fat health over mere body weight or fat mass. Dr. den Hartigh emphasizes that fat must be metabolically flexible to be considered healthy. Those who engage in regular aerobic exercise have demonstrated more flexible fat with a higher capacity for energy storage and metabolism.
Dr. Jeffrey Horowitz, a professor at the University of Michigan, suggests that the benefits of exercise extend beyond weight loss. “Exercise should be seen as a way to enhance overall health, not just as a weight management tool,” he says. Even if weight loss goals aren’t achieved, regular physical activity still offers significant health benefits, including improved heart health, blood sugar management, and stronger bones and muscles.
The Broader Impact of Physical Activity
The study reinforces that maintaining an active lifestyle yields benefits that go beyond the scale. “Exercise improves various aspects of health, including heart function and blood sugar control,” notes Dr. Harry Stafford Jr., a primary care sports medicine doctor at Duke Health. “Even when weight loss goals are not met, the health improvements from regular exercise are undeniable.”
This research highlights the value of consistent physical activity in promoting overall well-being and reducing the risk of chronic diseases, making it a crucial component of a healthy lifestyle.
