The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has authorized seven medications for weight loss, each designed to assist in appetite control or improve how the body processes food. These treatments are most effective when used in conjunction with a balanced diet and regular physical activity.
FDA-Approved Weight Loss Medications
Weight loss medications vary in effectiveness and mechanism. Research indicates that individuals may lose between 3% and 12% of their initial body weight after a year of using these medications, which can significantly enhance overall health. Losing at least 5% of body weight can reduce the risk of chronic conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.
Medications Based on Body Mass Index (BMI)
Most FDA-approved weight loss medications are prescribed based on BMI. This measure calculates weight relative to height and helps estimate the risk of obesity-related conditions. However, BMI alone does not account for muscle mass, bone density, or overall body composition, which is why healthcare providers consider a patient’s full medical history when assessing health risks.
Eligible candidates for weight loss medications typically have:
- A BMI of 30 or higher
- A BMI of at least 27 with related health issues like hypertension, diabetes, or high cholesterol
The Seven FDA-Approved Weight Loss Medications
1. Xenical (Orlistat)
Orlistat, sold under the brand name Xenical, is taken orally three times daily with meals. It reduces fat absorption from food. Studies show that over 40% of users achieve a 5% weight reduction compared to placebo. Common side effects include oily stools and flatulence. This medication is approved for use in adults and children aged 12 and older.
2. Qsymia (Phentermine-Topiramate)
Qsymia is a once-daily oral medication designed for adults and adolescents aged 12 and above. It suppresses appetite by targeting brain receptors, helping users feel full longer. The dosage starts low and increases gradually. Qsymia may also lower blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood sugar levels. Side effects can include increased heart rate, insomnia, dizziness, and dry mouth. If weight loss is insufficient after 12 weeks, your healthcare provider may discontinue the medication.
3. Contrave (Naltrexone-Bupropion)
Contrave is a twice-daily tablet that regulates food intake. It starts with a single tablet daily, increasing to two tablets as tolerance builds. Over 50% of users achieve a 5% weight reduction. Possible side effects include nausea, vomiting, and constipation.
4. Saxenda (Liraglutide)
Saxenda, the first GLP-1 receptor agonist for weight management, is a daily injection. It controls appetite and food intake. More than 63% of users lose at least 5% of their initial weight. Side effects may include nausea and stomach pain. The initial dose is 0.6 mg, which increases weekly to a maintenance dose of 3 mg.
5. Wegovy (Semaglutide)
Wegovy, another GLP-1 receptor agonist, is an injection that helps control appetite by slowing digestion. It has shown to result in at least a 5% weight loss in over 80% of users. It starts at 0.25 mg and increases to 2.4 mg weekly. Side effects can include nausea and bloating.
6. Zepbound (Tirzepatide)
Zepbound is a once-weekly injection that combines GLP-1 and GIP receptor agonists. It effectively reduces appetite and food intake, with over 85% of users losing at least 5% of their body weight. Side effects include nausea and diarrhea. The starting dose is 2.5 mg, with a possible increase to 5-15 mg.
7. Imcivree (Setmelanotide)
Imcivree is a daily injectable for individuals with specific genetic conditions causing obesity. It is prescribed following genetic testing. Side effects may include nausea, vomiting, and skin darkening.
Off-Label Uses
Some medications, originally approved for other conditions such as type 2 diabetes, are also used off-label for weight management. These include:
- Mounjaro (tirzepatide)
- Ozempic (semaglutide)
- Victoza (liraglutide)
Determining if Weight Loss Medication Is Right for You
Consult with your healthcare provider to evaluate your overall health, weight management options, and specific goals. They will consider your diet, exercise habits, and potential costs, as insurance coverage for these medications can vary.
Alternative Weight Management Strategies
If weight loss medications are not suitable, consider:
- Engaging in regular exercise
- Participating in enjoyable workout classes
- Maintaining a calorie-conscious, balanced diet
- Safety and Precautions
Before starting any weight loss medication, review your full medical history with your healthcare provider. Key considerations include:
- Testing for blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood sugar levels
- Discussing personal and family medical history
- Notifying your provider if you are pregnant, planning pregnancy, or breastfeeding
- Reviewing current medications for potential interactions
Conclusion
The FDA has approved seven effective medications for weight loss, each suited to specific health needs and conditions. These medications should be combined with lifestyle changes for optimal results. A thorough consultation with your healthcare provider is essential to determine the most appropriate treatment for your weight management goals.
