Weight-loss drugs like semaglutide, Wegovy, Ozempic, and liraglutide have gained global attention for their potential to help individuals shed pounds. However, a recent study reveals that these medications only deliver long-term results if combined with regular exercise. Without physical activity, the weight lost through these drugs can easily return once the medication is discontinued.
Study Highlights the Importance of Exercise
Conducted by the University of Copenhagen and Hvidovre Hospital in Denmark, the study examined the long-term effects of weight-loss drugs. The findings emphasize the role of exercise in maintaining weight loss. Participants who used weight-loss medications and continued exercising were able to sustain their weight loss for up to a year after stopping the treatment. On the other hand, those who relied solely on medication regained more than 70% of the lost weight, primarily in the form of fat rather than muscle.
The medication in question was liraglutide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist that helps regulate blood sugar levels and is used to treat Type 2 diabetes and obesity. This class of drugs works by mimicking the action of the GLP-1 enzyme, which reduces appetite and slows digestion, leading to decreased calorie intake and weight loss.
GLP-1 Agonists: A Closer Look
Both liraglutide and semaglutide, which is marketed under names like Ozempic (injectable), Rybelsus (oral), and Wegovy (injectable for weight loss), fall under the category of GLP-1 receptor agonists. These medications were initially developed for managing diabetes but have been found to aid in weight loss as well.
However, experts caution that while these drugs can be effective, they come with potential side effects, including nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort, and in some cases, more severe issues like gall bladder disorders and pancreatitis. Due to their cost and side effects, these medications are not a permanent solution for weight management.
Dr. Aasim Maldar, an endocrinologist and diabetologist, advises that while liraglutide may be used as long as it is effective and well-tolerated, exercise remains a key component of sustainable weight management. He highlights the availability of liraglutide and orlistat as the primary anti-obesity medications in India, with other drugs being either unavailable or approved solely for diabetes treatment.
Exercise: A Crucial Factor in Sustaining Weight Loss
The study also found that even two hours of exercise per week can help maintain weight loss after stopping GLP-1 medications. Simon Birk Kjær Jensen, the lead author of the study, explained that for those with lower fitness levels, even moderate activities like brisk walking may suffice, while more active individuals may benefit from running or interval cycling.
Expert Opinions on Comprehensive Weight Management
While weight-loss drugs are gaining popularity, experts agree that they should not be relied upon as standalone solutions. A comprehensive approach to weight management, incorporating exercise, diet, and lifestyle changes, remains essential.
Dr. Maldar emphasizes the importance of incorporating a balanced diet, regular physical activity, and avoiding harmful habits such as smoking and excessive alcohol consumption. Dr. PK Dewan, a senior director at Max Super Speciality Hospital, also stresses that long-term weight management requires lifestyle changes, with medications and surgery serving as supplementary options. For individuals with severe obesity, surgery may be a more effective route, particularly for those with a BMI above 35.
The Risks of Overuse and Misapplication
With the growing trend of weight-loss medications driven by celebrity endorsements, their use has become widespread, sometimes even among non-diabetic individuals seeking to lose weight for cosmetic reasons. Health professionals have voiced concerns about this indiscriminate use, urging caution and advocating for professional guidance before starting such treatments.
Dr. Ajay Kumar Kriplani, a bariatric surgeon, offers personalized recommendations based on BMI. For individuals with a BMI under 30, lifestyle changes such as diet and exercise are sufficient. Those with a BMI between 30 and 35 may benefit from more intensive exercise and dietary attention, while individuals with a BMI above 35 and comorbidities may require surgical intervention.
Conclusion
Experts agree that while weight-loss medications can be a helpful tool, they should be used as part of a broader, more sustainable approach to health. Exercise, a healthy diet, and behavioral modifications are the cornerstones of successful weight management, with medications and surgery playing supporting roles. As such, individuals considering weight-loss drugs should consult healthcare professionals to determine the most appropriate and effective strategy for their needs.
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