A recent study from Karolinska Institutet, published in JAMA Pediatrics, reveals that weight-loss treatment for children with obesity has lasting health benefits into young adulthood. The study, which followed over 6,700 individuals who received childhood obesity treatment, shows that those who responded well to treatment were less likely to develop obesity-related diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, in their young adult years.
The obesity treatment involved “behavioral lifestyle therapy,” which focuses on promoting healthy diets, exercise, and sleep habits, with the support of families. This approach has been shown to significantly reduce the risk of serious health issues, including premature death. The research highlights that children with obesity who successfully manage their weight through treatment have a lower risk of dying young, particularly from conditions linked to obesity and suicide. A prior study by the same group found that untreated childhood obesity increases mortality risk in early adulthood, with obesity-related causes contributing to a quarter of deaths.
While these positive health effects were evident, the study also found that weight-loss treatment did not impact the risk of depression and anxiety in young adulthood. Despite previous assumptions that weight loss could alleviate mental health conditions, the study demonstrates that these psychological issues require separate treatment. Dr. Emilia Hagman, the study’s lead author, emphasizes that obesity and mental health comorbidities must be managed in parallel for effective outcomes.
The study also notes that newer obesity drugs like GLP-1 analogs, which are increasingly used in adults, were not part of this research since they were not approved for use during the time the study participants were treated. Dr. Hagman acknowledges the potential of these drugs for children but stresses that lifestyle therapy remains the cornerstone of childhood obesity treatment.
The next steps for the research team include investigating the most effective therapy options for different individuals and identifying key health markers that predict long-term outcomes.
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